Bolt action part for elecrical or laser-based cartridge

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a chamber closing piece ( 1 ) for firearms. Said chamber closing piece ( 1 ) can be rotatably and reversibly moved forward in the direction of the barrel muzzle ( 3 ) and rearward in the direction of the rear stock ( 4 ) and comprises one or several mechanisms ( 8 ) for indirectly or directly firing a bullet ( 9 ) that faces the muzzle in relation to the chamber closing piece ( 1 ). Said mechanism ( 8 ) for firing the ammunition is based on an electrical and/or thermal and/or optical and/or laser-based active principle.

The present invention relates to a bolt action part for firearms having an electrical and/or laser-based device for firing a cartridge, which can be provided on the muzzle side in front of the bolt action part, having the features disclosed in the preamble of Claim 1.

Bolt actions for firearms having purely mechanical firing devices are known from the prior art, in which, for example, a firing pin spring is tensioned by opening the bolt action and this firing pin spring causes a firing pin to strike against the primer of a cartridge located in a cartridge chamber, for example, upon triggering of the shot, so that the shot fires.

These bolt actions having purely mechanical firing device from the prior art are disadvantageous in many aspects:

An especially grave disadvantage of these known bolt actions, which function purely mechanically, can be seen in their very pronounced and long firing time between actuation of the trigger and the firing of the cartridge, which is in the range from 2.5 ms to 9.0 ms.

This very long firing time delay results in the disadvantage that the projectile remains longer in the firearm therein and unintended movements of the firearm over a measurable period of time may exert an extremely negative influence on the precision of the firearm in particular during competition.

A further disadvantage of the bolt actions having purely mechanical firing device known from the prior art is their large number of moving parts.

The high number of moving parts is accompanied upon the shot triggering therein with a pronounced mass movement, which results in unwanted oscillations of the entire weapon system. These oscillations cause a significant widening of the scattering circle and therefore result in dramatic worsening of the shot precision.

Furthermore, in the case of the bolt actions having purely mechanical firing device known from the prior art, the required maintenance effort, which is significantly pronounced therein, for example, for cleaning and oiling, is disadvantageous.

Further disadvantages of the bolt actions using purely mechanical firing from the prior art are their high weight and the high production costs caused by the numerous moving parts.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a bolt action part for firearms which ensures that an especially short firing time is maintained between actuating the trigger and firing the cartridge, which allows significantly better shot precision of the particular firearm in comparison to a bolt action part having purely mechanical firing device, whose number of moving parts and the mass movements thereof are especially low, whereby oscillations of the weapons system which disadvantageously influence the shot precision are largely prevented, which ensures outstanding shot precision upon use, whose maintenance effort is very low, which is rapidly and easily replaceable with a bolt action part having purely mechanical firing device without prior reconfiguration measures, whose weight is lower than the weight of a bolt action part having purely mechanical firing device, and whose production costs are lower than the production costs which are to be paid for a bolt action part having purely mechanical firing device.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a bolt action part according to the species by the features disclosed in the characterizing part of Claim 1.

Especially preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the subclaims.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail on the basis of the drawings. In the figures:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a firearm having a bolt action part according to the invention, which comprises a device for electrically firing a cartridge;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a firearm which comprises a bolt action part according to the invention having a laser-based device for firing a cartridge;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a firearm which comprises a bolt action part according to the invention, which can be secured via a tension slide, the safety device of the bolt action part, which comprises a spring, being relaxed, so that shot triggering is not possible;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a firearm which comprises a bolt action part according to the invention, which can be secured via a tension slide, the safety device of the bolt action part, which comprises a spring, being tensioned, so that shot triggering is possible;

The bolt action part (1) for firearms according to the invention is typically rotatably and reversibly movable forward in the direction of the barrel muzzle (3) and to the rear in the direction of the rear stock (4) in a bolt case (5) of an action (2).

As may be seen from FIGS. 1 through 4, the bolt action part (1) according to the invention generally comprises one or more devices (8) for the indirect or direct firing of a cartridge (9), which may be provided on the muzzle side of the bolt action part (1).

This device (8) for firing the ammunition (9) is preferably based on an electrical and/or thermal and/or optical and/or laser-based operating principle.

As shown in FIG. 1, for example, in the case of the bolt action part (1) according to the invention, the device (8) for electrical and/or thermal firing of the ammunition (9) may comprise, in the area of the ammunition recoil plate (6) of the bolt action part (1), for example, one or more devices (11) for delivering one or more electrical pulses to a cartridge (9), which is located in the cartridge chamber, in the form of one or more short electrical voltage or current surges or in the form of one or more thermal heat surges.

In an especially preferred embodiment of the bolt action part according to the invention, the device (11) for delivering electrical pulses to the base (10) of ammunition or a cartridge (9) which is located in the cartridge chamber may be, for example, a pin-shaped or rod-shaped or tubular anode or cathode.

In a first alternative of this embodiment, the device (11) for delivering an electrical pulse may be elastically guided through a hole-shaped opening of the ammunition recoil plate (6) of the bolt action part (1) in such a way that in the unloaded state of the firearm, it projects at least somewhat in the direction of the barrel muzzle (3) beyond the ammunition recoil plate (6) of the bolt action part (1) and is pressed back when a cartridge (9) is loaded.

Alternatively to the embodiment just described, in a second alternative, the device (11) for delivering an electrical pulse may be guided so it is reversibly displaceable forward and backward through a hole-shaped opening of the ammunition recoil plate (6) of the bolt action part (1) in such a way that it only comes into electrically conductive contact with the base (10) of the cartridge (9) when the safety of the firearm is released.

In preferred embodiments of the bolt action part (1) according to the invention, the device (8) for electrical and/or thermal firing of the ammunition (9) may comprise, for example, one or more devices (12) for generating one or more electrical and/or thermal pulses in the form of one or more short electrical voltage or current surges or heat surges (see FIG. 1).

Typically, the one or more devices (11) for generating one or more electrical or thermal pulses are activatable, for example, via a mechanical or electronic trigger unit (13), which is attachable to the action (2).

The ammunition (9) which may be fired using a bolt action part (1) having a device (8) for electrical firing is preferably centerfire cartridges, in which the primer is electrically insulated in relation to the base (10) of the cartridge (9), which encloses the primer around the edges.

As may be inferred from FIG. 2, for example, in the case of the bolt action part (1) according to the Invention, the one or more devices (8) for firing ammunition or a cartridge (9), which may be provided on the muzzle side in front of the bolt action part (1), may comprise—instead of an electrical firing device—one or more devices (16) for generating one or more laser beams, the generated laser beam(s) being able to be oriented and/or focused directly or indirectly on the center and/or edge of the base (10) of the ammunition or cartridge (9).

The device (16) for generating the laser beam(s) may comprise, for example, one or more laser diodes, semiconductor lasers, excimer lasers, gas lasers, solid-state lasers, solid-state laser diodes, chemical lasers, molecular gas lasers, or optically excited molecular gas lasers.

Preferably, in this embodiment of the bolt action part (1) according to the invention having laser firing, the ammunition recoil plate (6) of the bolt action part (1) may be implemented as closed gas-tight and may comprise at least one pane (17) or plate which is transparent to the generated laser beam for the passage of the laser beam, which is generated by the device (16) for generating a laser beam, onto the base (10) of the ammunition or cartridge (9).

In the beam path between the device (16) for generating a laser beam and the base (10) of the cartridge or ammunition (9), one or more optical or electronic convergent lenses may be provided for focusing the laser beam on the central area or on the edge area of the base (10) of ammunition or a cartridge (9).

A special advantage of the bolt action part (1) using laser firing according to the invention is that the ammunition (9) which may be fired using a bolt action part (1) having a device (8) for laser-based firing is preferably rimfire cartridges or centerfire cartridges of a typical construction.

In preferred embodiments, one or more devices (14) for power generation and/or one or more devices (15) for power storage may be provided in the bolt action part (1) and/or in the stock (4) and/or in the action (2).

The devices (14) for power generation may be based, for example, on the piezo principle or may be implemented in the form of mechanical generators or in the form of photovoltaic elements.

The devices (15) for power storage may be implemented, for example, in the form of capacitors and/or storage cells or batteries.

The bolt action part (1) according to the invention may also be a component of a safety device for firearms, the safety device being a safety using a safety lever operable by hand, a thumb safety, a slide safety, a pushbutton safety, a hammer safety, a magazine safety, an internal bolt safety, or a firing pin safety.

As may be inferred from FIGS. 3 and 4 in particular, a spring (18) may be provided in the bolt action part (1) as the safety system, which can be reversibly completely or partially tensioned or relaxed and/or is reversibly changeable in its position and/or is reversibly changeable in its orientation using an action-side and/or stock-side tensioning slide (19).

Typically, the device (8) for firing ammunition or a cartridge (9) which may be provided on the muzzle side of the bolt action part (1) may only be caused to safely deliver an electrical, thermal, or laser-based pulse, which fires the ammunition or cartridge (9), via the trigger unit (13) in the completely tensioned state of the spring (18) and only in a specific orientation and location of the spring (18).

A special advantage of the bolt action part (1) according to the invention is that the firing time which passes between the actuation of the trigger (13) and the electrical or laser-based firing of the cartridge (9) is much shorter than in the bolt actions of the prior art and is in the range from 0.1 ms to 2.0 ms.

A further significant advantage of the bolt action part (1) according to the invention is that, in spite of containing a device (8) for electrical or laser-based firing of a cartridge (9), it is rapidly and easily replaceable with a bolt action part using mechanical firing without prior reconfiguration measures because of identical external dimensions.

Thus, in the event of very long-lasting, extremely low temperatures, which are not compatible with the device (15) for power storage, a replacement of the bolt action part (1) according to the invention with a bolt action part having solely mechanical firing device, which is typically in the hands of the legal firearm owner in any case and is acquired upon firearm purchase, may be performed rapidly and comfortably.

The device for triggering the electrical, thermal, or laser-based firing device (12, 16) of the bolt action part (1) may be, for example, a mechanical trigger unit (13) and/or an electronic and/or electrical trigger unit (13), which is connected by wire or wirelessly to the bolt action part (1).

For accident prevention of and for crime prevention, the bolt action part (1) according to the invention may be connected by wire or wirelessly to an electronic safety device.

Typically, this safety device may ascertain the usage authorization of the user by inputting or reading in a specific electromagnetic code and/or by inputting biometric data, for example, and, on the basis of a subsequent comparison of the input biometric data and/or the input electromagnetic code with biometric data of a person authorized for usage and/or with electromagnetic codes permitted for usage which were previously stored on a firearm-internal storage device.

Preferably, this safety device only causes release of the device (8) for firing the ammunition (9) with respect to a shot-triggering signal of the trigger unit (13) in the case of correspondence of the biometric data and/or the electromagnetic codes.

This safety device may be reversibly or irreversibly provided, for example, in the bolt action part (1) and/or in the action (2) and/or in the shaft (4) and/or in the trigger unit (13) and may optionally comprise a card reader or a device for detecting a fingerprint or the eyeground.

Alternatively or additionally thereto, the bolt action part (1) according to the invention may be connected by wire or wirelessly to an electronic safety device or comprise an electronic safety device, which is implemented in the form of an electrical or electronic switch, for example.

This safety switch may preferably be reversibly movable back and forth between at least one safety setting and one fire setting, a release of the device (8) for firing the ammunition (9) with respect to a shot-triggering signal of the trigger unit (13) only occurring in the case of the fire setting.

This switch-shaped safety device may also be reversibly or irreversibly provided in the bolt action part (1) and/or in the action (2) and/or in the shaft (4) and/or in the trigger unit (13).

For shooter identification, the bolt action part (1) according to the invention may be connected by wire or wirelessly to a one-part or multipart device for ascertaining and storing the time of day and the date of an indirect or direct actuation of the device (8) for firing a cartridge (9), or may comprise such a device.

Alternatively or additionally to the above-mentioned device, the bolt action part (1) according to the invention may be connected by wire or wirelessly to a one-part or multipart device for obtaining and storing biometric data of the person who has indirectly or directly activated the device (8) for firing ammunition (9), or may comprise such a device.

Each of the two above-mentioned devices may be reversibly or irreversibly provided in the bolt action part (1) and/or in the action (2) and/or in the shaft (4) and/or in the trigger unit (13).

In especially preferred embodiments, the bolt action part (1) according to the invention may comprise one or more acoustic and/or optical and/or mechanical display devices for the power supply state or charge state of the device (15) for power storage and/or the functional capability of the device (14) for power generation and/or the readiness of the device (12) for generating an electrical pulse and/or the readiness of the device (16) for generating a laser beam, or may be connected by wire or wirelessly thereto.

The bolt action part (1) according to the invention generally carries, protruding on its exterior, one or more locking cams or locking bumps for engaging in corresponding openings of the action (2).

The bolt action part (1) according to the invention typically comprises, in the lateral area of its ammunition recoil plate (6), one or more claw-like devices for automatically extracting the empty casing from the cartridge chamber after the bullet has left the barrel.

In summary, it may be stated that in the scope of the present invention, a bolt action part for firearms is provided, which ensures that an especially short firing time, which lies between the actuation of the trigger and the firing of the cartridge, is maintained, for example, in the range from 0.1 ms to 2.0 ms.

A special advantage of the bolt action part according to the invention is thus that upon its use, outstanding shot precision is fundamentally also achievable because of the extremely short firing time between actuation of the trigger and firing of the cartridge.

In particular in comparison to the known bolt action parts having purely mechanical firing devices, upon use of the bolt action part according to the invention, significantly improved shot precision is achievable.

This is because in the case of the bolt action part according to the invention, the number of moving parts is also especially low.

Because of the low number of moving parts and the extremely slight mass movements connected thereto, the occurrence of oscillations which negatively influence the shot precision is significantly reduced or prevented entirely. A significant improvement of the shot precision is thus also achieved in this way.

Furthermore, it is advantageous in the case of the bolt action part according to the invention that the required maintenance effort is extremely low, because oiling of mechanical parts is dispensed with.

It is particularly advantageous in the case of the bolt action part according to the invention that, because of identical external dimensions, it is rapidly, easily, and readily exchangeable without prior reconfiguration measures for an already existing bolt action part having purely mechanical firing device, so that a changeover to the bolt action part according to the invention using electrical or laser-based firing is possible rapidly and readily for the user of a firearm having mechanically firing bolt action.

Furthermore, its low weight is advantageous in the bolt action part according to the invention, which is significantly less than the weight of a bolt action part having purely mechanical firing device.

Finally, the bolt action part according to the invention is also advantageous because its production costs are lower, in particular because of the lower number of moving parts, than the production costs which are to be spent for a bolt action part having purely mechanical firing device. 

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A bolt action part for firearms, which is movable rotatably and reversibly in the forward in the direction of the barrel muzzle and to the rear in the direction of the rear stock in the bolt case of an action and which comprises one or more devices for the direct or indirect firing of a cartridge of typical construction, which may be provided on the muzzle side in front of the bolt action part, this device for firing the ammunition being based on a laser-based operating principle, characterized in that the bolt action part, in spite of containing a device for laser based firing of a cartridge, is rapidly and easily replaceable without prior reconfiguration measures with a bolt action part using mechanical firing because of identical external dimensions.
 22. The bolt action part according to claim 21, characterized in that it comprises one or more devices for firing ammunition or a cartridge, which may be provided on the muzzle side in front of the bolt action part, and one or more devices for generating one or more laser beams, the generated laser beam(s) being able to be oriented and/or focused indirectly or directly on the center and/or the edge of the base of the ammunition or cartridge.
 23. The bolt action part according to claim 22, characterized in that the device for generating a laser beam comprises one or more laser diodes, semiconductor lasers, excimer lasers, gas lasers, solid-state lasers, chemical lasers, molecular gas lasers, or optically excited molecular gas lasers.
 24. The bolt action part according to claim 22, characterized in that the ammunition recoil plate of the bolt action part is implemented as closed gas-tight and comprises at least one pane or plate which is transparent to the generated laser beam for the passage of the laser beam generated by the device for generating a laser beam onto the base of the ammunition or cartridge.
 25. The bolt action part according to claim 22, characterized in that, in the beam path between the device for generating a laser beam and the base of the cartridge or ammunition, one or more optical or electronic convergent lenses are provided for focusing the laser beam on the central area or on the edge area of the base of ammunition or a cartridge.
 26. The bolt action part according to claim 22, characterized in that the ammunition, which can be fired using a bolt action part having a device for laser-based firing, are rimfire cartridges or centerfire cartridges of typical construction.
 27. The bolt action part according to claim 21, characterized in that one or more devices for power generation and/or one or more devices for power storage are provided in the bolt action part and/or in the stock and/or in the action, the devices for power generation being based on the piezo principle or being implemented in the form of mechanical generators or in the form of photovoltaic elements and the devices for power storage being implemented in the form of capacitors and/or storage cells or batteries.
 28. The bolt action part according to claim 21, characterized in that it is a component of a safety device for firearms, the safety device being a safety having a safety lever operable by hand, a thumb safety, a slide safety, a pushbutton safety, a hammer safety, a magazine safety, an internal bolt safety, or a firing pin safety.
 29. The bolt action part according to claim 28, characterized in that a spring is provided in the bolt action part as a safety system, which can be completely or partially tensioned or relaxed reversibly using an action-side and/or stock-side tensioning slide and/or is reversibly changeable in its location and/or is reversibly changeable in its orientation, the device for firing ammunition or a cartridge which may be provided on the muzzle side in front of the bolt action part only being able to be caused to safely deliver a laser-based pulse, which fires the ammunition or cartridge, via the trigger device in the completely tensioned state of the spring and solely in a specific orientation and location of the spring.
 30. The bolt action part according to claim 21, characterized in that the firing time which passes between the actuation of the trigger unit and the laser-based firing of the cartridge is in the range from 0.1 ms to 2.0 ms.
 31. The bolt action part according to claim 21, characterized in that the device for triggering the laser-based firing device of the bolt action part is a mechanical trigger unit and/or an electronic and/or electrical trigger unit, which is connected to the bolt action part by wire or wirelessly.
 32. The bolt action part according to claim 21, characterized in that, for accident prevention and for crime prevention, it is connected by wire or wirelessly to an electronic safety device, which ascertains the usage authorization of the user by inputting or reading in a specific electromagnetic code and/or by inputting biometric data on the basis of a comparison of the input biometric data and/or the input electromagnetic code to biometric data, which was previously stored on a firearm-internal storage device, of a person authorized for use and/or to electromagnetic codes authorized for usage, and only causes a release of the device for firing the cartridge with respect to a shot-triggering signal of the trigger unit in case of correspondence of the biometric data and/or the electromagnetic codes, this safety device being reversibly or irreversibly provided in the bolt action part and/or in the action and/or in the stock and/or in the trigger unit.
 33. The bolt action part according to claim 21, characterized in that it is connected by wire or wirelessly to one or more electronic safety devices or comprises one or more electronic safety devices, which is implemented in the form of an electrical or electronic switch, which is reversibly movable back and forth between a safety setting and a fire setting, a release of the device for firing the cartridge with respect to a shot-triggering signal of the trigger unit only occurring in the case of the fire setting, and this safety device being reversibly or irreversibly provided in the bolt action part and/or in the action and/or in the stock and/or in the trigger unit.
 34. The bolt action part according to claim 21, characterized in that, for shooter identification, it is connected by wire or wirelessly to a one-part or multipart device for ascertaining and storing the time of day and the date of a direct or indirect actuation of the device for firing a cartridge and/or to a one-part or multipart device for acquiring and storing biometric data of the person who has indirectly or directly activated the device for firing a cartridge, or comprises such devices, these devices being provided reversibly or irreversibly in the bolt action part and/or in the action and/or in the stock and/or in the trigger unit.
 35. The bolt action part according to claims 21, characterized in that it comprises one or more acoustic and/or optical and/or mechanical display devices for the power supply state or charge state of the device for power storage and/or the functional capability of the device for power generation and/or the readiness of the device for generating an electrical pulse and/or the readiness of the device or generating a laser beam. 